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Metals to perform on weaker USD and rising rates
Commodity Monthly Monitor – Metals to perform on weaker USD and rising rates Your reference guide to commodity markets. Includes the latest outlook for each commodity sector and major developments for individual commodities.
Summary
Sentiment toward industrial metals took a leap forward.
The price of the gold driven higher on the lack of follow-up from the Fed.
Oil major producers meeting postponed but not cancelled.
Majority of agricultural commodities post strong gains.
Summary
The recent decision to keep rates on hold by the US Federal Reserve (Fed) has saved the market from shock as the Fed Fund Futures market indicated only a very small chance of the central bank making a move. The Fed’s so-called “dot-plots” now indicate that the policy makers only expect to raise rates twice this year (down from four) and the market has shifted it expectations out to September for the next move. Recent economic data, particularly strong wage growth (accounting for the February calendar quirk) and payroll data justify more hikes and sooner. The US dollar is unlikely to respond with strength when rate hikes occur as the US dollar is perceived to be the most over-crowded trade according to recent fund manager surveys. Anticipation of the rate hike has been pushing up the USD for many years. Furthermore, in rate rising environments, contrary to popular belief, the USD dollar typically sells-off. This we believe is due to investors attempting to gauge if the first rate hike was correctly timed, as it takes a while for the economic data to roll-in to make a judgement and therefore markets tend to be in a state of limbo/fear. In this environment of a weaker USD and rising interest rates, improving economic fundamentals are likely to be beneficial for many cyclically exposed commodities. Industrial metals, which are likely to be in a supply deficit this year, trade well below marginal cost. This subsector looks to be forming a technical floor whilst demand in China has remained surprisingly resilient in recent months.
Sentiment toward industrial metals took a leap forward, with speculative positioning and prices rising across the complex. Investors appear to be paying heed to firmer fundamentals, with supply deficits expected for zinc, copper and nickel this year. US dollar depreciation and a loose policy setting should help the industrial metals rally continue.
The price of the gold driven higher on the lack of follow-up from the Fed after it embarked on a rate tightening cycle in December 2015. Investors fear that the US central bank is committing a policy error after it downgraded the number of times it expects to raise rates this year. Core inflation remains robust and real interest rates remain low, a recipe for strong gold prices. A loose policy setting helps the more industrial precious metals like platinum and palladium as auto sales will be supported.
Oil major producers meeting postponed but not cancelled. A 40% rally in oil prices indicates that expectations ahead of the original meeting were very positive. Despite the meeting being postponed to mid-April and Iran refusing to participate until its production is back to pre-sanction levels, crude oil production and rig count in the US remain at their lowest since end of 2014, lending support to oil prices.
Majority of agricultural commodities post strong gains with the exception of cotton. Reduced supply from Brazil and India supported sugar prices higher. Weak cotton imports into China dented the demand outlook for cotton sending prices lower.
(Click to enlarge)
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From 18 to 19 November 2024, Brazil will host the G20 summit in Rio for the first time as the focus of the world’s most important platform for global economic cooperation.
The coalition, which includes the USA, China, India, the E U and, most recently, the African Union, represents the world’s most important economies, which, according to OECD figures, account for around 80 per cent of global gross domestic product, 75 per cent of world trade and two thirds of the world’s population.
Since Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (Lula) took up his third uninterrupted term of office at the beginning of 2023, he has spent a lot of time abroad to improve his country’s image in the world. His efforts could pay off. A recent Pew Research survey found that most Brazilian adults are optimistic about their country’s status as an international power.
In addition to the G20, Brazil is also set to host other high-profile events such as the UN Climate Change Conference (COP30) and the BRICS summit (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) in 2025, while also seeking membership of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
In the almost three years since Brazil initiated its formal accession process for OECD membership, the country has achieved many milestones on the road to this goal. If successful, Brazil would be in a unique position to influence the increasing geopolitical and economic competition between industrialised and developing countries, as it is the only country to be represented in the BRICS, the G20 and the OECD simultaneously.
As the eighth largest economy in the world and the largest economy in Latin America, Brazil could be a strong link in the global discourse on key issues for the Global South (according to UN Trade and Development, the Global South essentially comprises Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, Asia excluding Israel, Japan and South Korea, and Oceania excluding Australia and New Zealand).
These issues include, above all, the fight against hunger, poverty and inequality, sustainable development and the reform of global governance. If Brazil is able to achieve political and financial commitments to progress on priorities such as digital infrastructure, this could lead not only to an increase in Brazil’s GDP, but also to a narrowing of the economic and urban-rural divide and a reduction in gender inequality. Consider that the introduction of a relatively new instant money transfer platform operated by the central bank, known as Pix, has already promoted financial inclusion and increased access to banking services from around 70 per cent of the population to more than 84 per cent (source: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace).
We expect that an OECD seal of approval for Brazil will also encourage global investors seeking the assurance of the Coalition’s high standards for the ease of doing business. A seat at the table would give Brazil a stronger voice in shaping best practices and global frameworks for rapidly evolving technology standards. Brazilian companies specialising in artificial intelligence and financial technology are already among the largest in South America.
As the largest oil producer in Latin America, resource-rich Brazil is a leader in the energy sector, as it is one of the ten largest oil producers in the world (according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, Brazil produced 4 per cent of the world’s total oil production at the end of 2023). However, the country’s largest sector is finance, with a weighting of more than 36 per cent according to the MSCI Brazil Index.
Central bank in interest rate hike mode
High government spending continues to be a major problem. In our opinion, any reduction in this spending would give the country’s capital markets cause for optimism. Meanwhile, Brazil is an exception to the global trend of falling interest rates: In September, Brazil’s central bank raised interest rates to curb inflationary pressures. The market expects the Brazilian real to remain stable or appreciate slightly in the near future, partly due to falling US interest rates. We see this as a potential advantage for foreign investors in Brazil.
It is also encouraging to see that progress is being made on Brazil’s long-awaited VAT reform, which could further boost the private sector as efficiency gains from a simpler tax system would favour investment.
Growth in Brazil’s manufacturing and services sectors accelerated in September as output in both sectors increased, indicating strong growth in economic activity. In addition, the Brazilian market is currently trading at valuations that we consider favourable. Improved conditions in Brazil’s manufacturing sector have been driven by a resurgence in production, stronger job creation and a pick-up in sales growth, according to S&P Global. At the end of September, Brazil’s Manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ Index was surpassed only by India, rising to 53.2 (from 50.4 in August; readings above 50 indicate expansion).
Chart 1: Brazilian Purchasing Managers’ Index
Source: FactSet, Markit Economics
Expectations are also high that Brazil will experience an economic boost in 2027, having won the historic bid to host the FIFA Women’s World Cup – a first not only for Brazil, but for the whole of South America.
Over the near term, we believe investors should stay attuned to the opportunities in Brazil and may find what we consider an attractive entry point into this large and diverse market.
Chart 2: The valuations of Latin American equities look favourable
Attractive valuations compared to industrialised countries, emerging markets and own history
Chart 3: Latin American equities offer high dividends
High dividend yield compared to industrialised countries, emerging markets and own history
From Dina Ting, Head of Global Index Portfolio Management at Franklin Templeton
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