Maximera avkastningen med rätt branscher I våra arkiv har vi hittat en artikel av Stephan Agerman som grundade ETFSverige.se, och i dag arbetar på Deutsche Bank med bland annat den satsning på ETFer som den tyska banken gör under namnet db-x trackers. Vi publicerar artikeln Maximera avkastningen med rätt branscher. Artikeln publicerades ursprungligen i september 2012.
Enskilda branscher går olika bra i olika konjunkturlägen. Genom att växla mellan cykliska och defensiva sektorer kan du maximera och skydda avkastningen i din investeringsportfölj.
2012 har varit ett skakigt år med flera skeden av ”risk på” och ”risk av”. Under sommaren 2012 hade vi, trots olösta problem i Europa, ett starkt sommarrally.
I år har dock OMXS30 stigit med runt 6 procent, exklusive utdelningar. Uppgången kan jämföras med den bästa sektor-ETF:en som finns noterad i Norden: Xact Oil Service. Denna ETF har stigit med över 31 procent i år. Sämst i år, exkluderat sälj- ETF:er, har det gått för Xact Basindustri. Denna ETF har stigit med cirka 2 procent.
Olika sektorer utvecklas på olika sätt i olika konjunkturcykler och marknadslägen. De flesta är medvetna om att läkemedel är en defensiv sektor som har möjlighet att stiga trots att den övriga börsen sjunker. Denna sektor kan därmed användas som en hedge för den övriga portföljen.
Exempel: under 2011 steg ETF:en Xact Läkemedel med nästan 10 procent medan ETF:en Xact OMXS30 sjönk med nästan 12 procent, inklusive utdelningar.
Om du funderar på att köpa ett enskilt bolag inom en sektor men har svårt att välja kan en sektor-ETF vara ett alternativ. Du köper då indirekt en hel sektor i en affär.
Det finns flera olika varianter på cykler sammankopplade med sektorer. Standard & Poor’s Guide to Sector Investing (1995) beskriver hur kapitalet brukar röra sig i den allmänna konjunkturcykelns skeden.
När konjunkturen går från botten till toppen går kapitalet från bank & finans till i tur och ordning branscherna transport, teknologi, kapitalvaror, industri, olja & gas och ädelmetaller.
I den omvända resan från toppen till botten går kapitalet från icke-cykliska konsumentvarubolag, till i tur och ordning läkemedel, energi/utiliteter, bank & finans och cykliska konsumentbolag.
Den nuvarande konjunkturcykeln är inte lik andra och är betydligt mer svåranalyserad. Detta beror på att de senaste konjunktursignalerna i vissa fall är motstridiga. Oroligheterna i de europeiska problemländerna ser också till att bilden grumlas ytterligare.
Vissa bedömare anser att vi är på väg mot ytterligare en recession i flera delar av världen medan andra bedömare anser att vi fortfarande befinner oss i en återhämtningsfas. Tiden får utvisa vem som har rätt.
Stephan Agerman, analytiker ETFSverige.se
Stephan Agerman är passionerat intresserad av börshandlade fonder. Så pass att han 2009 startade informationssajten ETFSverige. se, vid sidan av sitt ordinarie jobb på en investmentbank i Stockholm.
iShares Global Aerospace & Defence UCITSETFinvesterar i aktier i företag från utvecklade marknader som tillhör flyg- och försvarssektorn. Åtagandet inkluderar tillverkare av civil eller militär flyg- och försvarsutrustning, relaterade reservdelar eller produkter, försvarselektronik och rymdutrustning.
Sedan tidigare är denna börshandlade fond noterad på Euronext Amsterdam.
Namn
ISIN Ticker
Avgift
Utdelnings- policy
iShares Global Aerospace & Defence UCITSETF USD (Acc)
Produktutbudet inom Deutsche Börses ETF- och ETP-segment omfattar för närvarande totalt 2 408 ETFer, 199 ETCer och 256 ETNer. Med detta urval och en genomsnittlig månatlig handelsvolym på cirka 23 miljarder euro är Xetra den ledande handelsplatsen för ETFer och ETPer i Europa.
HANetf Future of European Defence UCITSETF Accumulating (8RMY ETF) med ISIN IE000I7E6HL0 försöker att följa VettaFi Future of Defence Ex US-indexet. VettaFi Future of Defence Ex US-indexet följer resultatet för företag som är verksamma inom militär- eller försvarsindustrin. Amerikanska företag är exkluderade. Vikten av europeiska företag i indexet är minst 90 procent.
De börshandlade fondens TER (total expense ratio) uppgår till 0,39 % per år. HANetf Future of European Defence UCITSETF Accumulating är den enda ETFen som följer VettaFi Future of Defence Ex US-indexet. ETFen replikerar resultatet för det underliggande indexet genom fullständig replikering (genom att köpa alla indexkomponenter). Utdelningarna i ETFen ackumuleras och återinvesteras.
Denna ETF lanserades den 7 april 2025 och har sitt säte i Irland.
Future of European Defence UCITS ETF
En europeisk försvars-ETF, från ett europeiskt företag, utan exponering mot USA.
Europa åtar sig att göra stora försvarsinvesteringar: Efter årtionden av underutnyttjande återupprustar Europa äntligen. EU har lagt fram en försvarsplan på 800 miljarder euro, medan enskilda europeiska NATO-medlemmar snabbt ökar sina egna militära budgetar.
Strategisk autonomi innebär att köpa europeiskt: Europas upprustning handlar inte bara om att spendera mer – det handlar om att bygga försvarsoberoende. För att minska beroendet av amerikansk utrustning prioriterar EU europeiskt tillverkade vapen, fordon och system, vilket ger den europeiska försvarssektorn en stark medvind.
Europeisk försvars-ETF från ett europeiskt företag
Detta är den första europeiska försvars-ETF som lanserats av ett europeiskt företag – och stöds av teamet bakom den snabbt växande NATO-ETFen.
Europeisk försvars-ETFens mål
Future for European Defence UCITSETF (8RMY) syftar till att ge exponering mot NATO och NATO+-allierades försvars- och cyberförsvarsutgifter, exklusive USA.
Med ökande hot och amerikanskt stöd som inte längre garanteras, ser europeiska NATO-medlemmar över sina försvarsstrategier och ökar kraftigt militära utgifter. Efter ett decennium av att inte ha uppnått 2 % av BNP-målet har Europa tillsammans underutnyttjat med uppskattningsvis 850 miljarder euro. För att återuppbygga och modernisera sina väpnade styrkor riktar regeringarna nu denna förnyade investering mot europeiska försvarsföretag – vilket stärker kontinentens strategiska självförsörjning.
European Defence ETFföljer VettaFi Future of Defence Ex US Index, som är utformat för att fånga upp europeiska företag vars majoritet av sina intäkter kommer från militära utgifter.
Det betyder att det går att handla andelar i denna ETF genom de flesta svenska banker och Internetmäklare, till exempel Nordnet, SAVR, DEGIRO och Avanza.
The investment environment in 2025 has been marked by increased uncertainty, including evolving trade dynamics involving the U.S. and rising geopolitical risks, which have weighed on overall market sentiment. Notably, though, gold has shone, surging past the symbolic $3,100 per ounce mark for the first time in history.
Gold has recently gained attention as investors seek potential hedges against rising inflation, currency fluctuations, and broader market volatility. Historical data suggests that both gold and gold mining equities have sometimes outperformed during periods of market stress, though such outcomes are not guaranteed and may vary depending on broader macroeconomic dynamics. The chart below displays historical episodes where gold and gold mining equities experienced relative strength during market corrections. However, such past performance should not be interpreted as a reliable indicator of future results.
Source: VanEck, World Gold Council.
The early months of 2025 have seen a resurgence in gold mining stock interest, with the VanEck Gold Miners ETF (GDX) receiving significant capital inflows. These flows reflect changing investor sentiment but should not be viewed as a guarantee of future returns.
Improved management
While gold mining stocks are a play on the gold price, they are much more than that. In the past, gold mining companies indulged in wanton value destruction. During gold’s last bull market that ended in 2011, mining companies borrowed heavily to fund new developments and extract gold from low quality mines. After the gold price dropped, they were forced to announce write-downs.
But since then, they have learned to keep costs under control. Indeed, for more than 10 years gold mining companies’ costs have grown by far less than a gold price that’s at least doubled. Despite the sharp rise in gold prices, especially in post 2020, miners have lagged significantly, likely reflecting ongoing capital and operating challenges noted between 2011 and 2015. This divergence may suggest a potential value opportunity if mining equities eventually re-rate closer to gold’s performance. Nevertheless, this is an assumption and may not turn out to be true, as structural issues or market dynamics could continue to weigh on miners’ valuations.
Gold Miner Premium/Discount to Gold
Source: Scotiabank. Data as February 2025.
Gold miners are expanding their profit margins, generating cash and embarking on share buy backs. What’s more, many have strong balance sheets. Yet still they trade at valuations below historical averages. Valuation metrics such as price-to-free cash flow (P/FCF) and price-to-earnings (P/E) ratios remain below the 12-month moving average.
Gold miners differentiate from gold because they are operating businesses influenced by company-specific factors such as management decisions, production efficiency, regulatory environments, and geopolitical risks. While gold is a passive asset driven by macroeconomic trends, miners add an additional layer of exposure to operational performance and cost structures.
A supportive macro backdrop
The performance of gold mining stocks is naturally influenced by the trajectory of gold prices. From a macroeconomic standpoint, factors such as inflation concerns and central bank policies continue to shape a cautiously optimistic outlook for gold, although the asset remains subject to volatility. Central banks continue to be net buyers, with 2023 marking a record year in terms of official sector demand. This trend has extended into 2024 and early 2025, underscoring institutional confidence in gold as a long-term store of value.
At the same time, the unfolding trade war is contributing to a more volatile global environment. These developments could support the case for gold and, by extension, gold mining equities. Moreover, recent efforts to improve transparency around global gold reserves, including audits of holdings in Fort Knox and London, have added credibility to the market, potentially reducing the perceived risk premium for miners.
Valuable portfolio diversification
From an investor’s perspective, gold mining stocks can be a useful diversifier in a broader equity portfolio, especially at a time of uncertainty for equity markets. Historically, gold mining stocks have exhibited a high sensitivity to changes in the price of gold, sometimes outperforming the metal itself during prolonged bull markets. However, they also tend to underperform during downturns, reflecting their leveraged exposure to gold price movements. Past performance is not indicative of future results. The table below shows the low correlation of the two VanEck gold miners UCITS ETFs with the MSCI World Index of global stock prices. This low correlation suggests that gold mining ETFs may perform differently than global equities, potentially helping to reduce overall portfolio volatility during periods of market stress. That said, they also carry equity-like risks, and investors should assess their portfolio objectives and risk tolerance accordingly.
When the VanEck Gold Miners UCITS ETF was introduced in 2015, it aimed to provide investors with a way to gain diversified exposure to gold mining equities. Early performance was tempered by concerns related to past capital discipline within the sector. Recent inflows into ETF may reflect renewed investor interest, although sentiment toward mining equities can remain sensitive to market and operational developments.
As gold glitters at a time of market volatility, there are good reasons to think gold miners may be a better way to play the rally. It should however be noted that while gold prices and mining companies are closely linked, investing in miners introduces additional layers of risk and complexity and investors should consider all the risk factors before investing.
IMPORTANT INFORMATION
This is marketing communication. Please refer to the prospectus of the UCITS and to the KID/KIID before making any final investment decisions. These documents are available in English and the KIDs/KIIDs in local languages and can be obtained free of charge at www.vaneck.com, from VanEck Asset Management B.V. (the “Management Company”) or, where applicable, from the relevant appointed facility agent for your country.
For investors in Switzerland: VanEck Switzerland AG, with registered office in Genferstrasse 21, 8002 Zurich, Switzerland, has been appointed as distributor of VanEck´s products in Switzerland by the Management Company. A copy of the latest prospectus, the Articles, the Key Information Document, the annual report and semi-annual report can be found on our website www.vaneck.com or can be obtained free of charge from the representative in Switzerland: Zeidler Regulatory Services (Switzerland) AG, Neudtadtgasse 1a, 8400 Winterthur, Switzerland. Swiss paying agent: Helvetische Bank AG, Seefeldstrasse 215, CH-8008 Zürich.
For investors in the UK: This is a marketing communication targeted to FCA regulated financial intermediaries. Retail clients should not rely on any of the information provided and should seek assistance from an IFA for all investment guidance and advice. VanEck Securities UK Limited (FRN: 1002854) is an Appointed Representative of Sturgeon Ventures LLP (FRN: 452811), which is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) in the UK, to distribute VanEck´s products to FCA regulated firms such as Independent Financial Advisors (IFAs) and Wealth Managers.
This information originates from VanEck (Europe) GmbH, which is authorized as an EEA investment firm under MiFID under the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (“MiFiD). VanEck (Europe) GmbH has its registered address at Kreuznacher Str. 30, 60486 Frankfurt, Germany, and has been appointed as distributor of VanEck products in Europe by the Management Company. The Management Company is incorporated under Dutch law and registered with the Dutch Authority for the Financial Markets (AFM).
”The MSCI information may only be used for your internal use, may not be reproduced or redisseminated in any form and may not be used as a basis for or a component of any financial instruments or products or indices. None of the MSCI information is intended to constitute investment advice or a recommendation to make (or refrain from making) any kind of investment decision and may not be relied on as such. Historical data and analysis should not be taken as an indication or guarantee of any future performance analysis, forecast or prediction. The MSCI information is provided on an “as is” basis and the user of this information assumes the entire risk for any use made of this information. MSCI, each of its affiliates and each other person involved in or related to compiling, computing or creating any MSCI information (collectively, the “MSCI Parties”), expressly disclaims all warranties (including, without limitation, any warranties of originality, accuracy, completeness, timeliness, noninfringement, merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose) with respect to this information. Without limiting any of the foregoing, in no event shall any MSCI Party have any liability for any direct, indirect, special, incidental, punitive, consequential (including, without limitation, lost profits) or any other damages. It is not possible to invest directly in an index.”
This material is only intended for general and preliminary information and shall not be construed as investment, legal or tax advice. VanEck (Europe) GmbH and its associated and affiliated companies (together “VanEck”) assume no liability with regards to any investment, divestment or retention decision on the basis of this information. The views and opinions expressed are those of the author(s) but not necessarily those of VanEck. Opinions are current as of the publication date and are subject to change with market conditions. Information provided by third party sources is believed to be reliable and have not been independently verified for accuracy or completeness and cannot be guaranteed.
VanEck Gold Miners UCITSETF(the ”ETF”) is a sub-fund of VanEck UCITS ETFs plc, an open-ended variable capital umbrella investment company with limited liability between sub-funds. The ETF is registered with the Central Bank of Ireland, passively managed and tracks an equity index. Investing in the ETF should be interpreted as acquiring shares of the ETF and not the underlying assets.
VanEck Junior Gold Miners UCITSETF (the ”ETF”) is a sub-fund of VanEck UCITS ETFs plc, an open-ended variable capital umbrella investment company with limited liability between sub-funds. The ETF is registered with the Central Bank of Ireland, passively managed and tracks an equity index. Investing in the ETF should be interpreted as acquiring shares of the ETF and not the underlying assets.
Investing is subject to risk, including the possible loss of principal. Investors must buy and sell units of the UCITS on the secondary market via a an intermediary (e.g. a broker) and cannot usually be sold directly back to the UCITS. Brokerage fees may incur. The buying price may exceed, or the selling price may be lower than the current net asset value. The indicative net asset value (iNAV) of the UCITS is available on Bloomberg. The Management Company may terminate the marketing of the UCITS in one or more jurisdictions. The summary of the investor rights is available in English at: complaints-procedure.pdf (vaneck.com). For any unfamiliar technical terms, please refer to ETF Glossary | VanEck.
No part of this material may be reproduced in any form, or referred to in any other publication, without express written permission of VanEck.