ETF Securities Equity Research: Macro outlook supports the mining sector but further upside remains muted
Highlights
Demand for metals remains well supported by a favourable macro-economic backdrop but China’s reform policy is expected to soften future metal demand.
The benefits of the weaker US dollar on higher commodity prices are outweighed by higher local currency input costs for producers in the mining sector.
Capex growth has turned positive for the first time in five years and the electric car revolution opens further avenues of investment for the mining sector.
Strict capital discipline among the miners has improved operational efficiency but miner’s valuations are not cheap.
Macro outlook supports demand
The global economy looks set to embark on a strong growth trajectory evident from the improvement in global purchasing manufacturing indices (PMI) since the second half of 2016. The optimism over global expansion increasing consumption of metals has led to a revival in the price of most metals this year. As a consequence, we have witnessed the top 100 diversified miner’s aggregate price appreciate 86% since 31 January 2016 (Source: Bloomberg).
Added to that, the current weakness of the US dollar is acting as an important catalyst in fuelling the commodity price rebound. As the world’s largest economy enters the late stage of the economic expansion cycle we expect to see tightening of the labour market combined with rising inflation, commodity prices and interest rates as the Federal Reserve normalises policy. The raw industrials index and the trade weighted US dollar tend to move inversely to each other with a negative 0.80 correlation. This counter cyclical relationship bodes well for base metal prices as investors look towards metals as a store of value versus the greenback. While the mining sector will benefit from higher commodity prices, the weaker US dollar could temper the benefits for producers that have a high proportion of costs in local currency.
China’s reforms take centre stage
A government led initiative in China’s construction industry since early 2016 underpinned the rebound of industrial metal prices. The emphasis on reforms as highlighted by President Xi at 19th National Party Congress in October 2017 suggests Chinese economic growth will gravitate more towards services and consumer spending. These activities are significantly less resource intensive and could soften demand for industrial metals. Added to that, the ongoing cooling of fiscal stimulus to the manufacturing and construction industries that kick started in H217, will further dampen new demand for industrial metals.
That being said, China’s supply side reform, to tackle environmental pollution, address unlicensed production and excess supply, resulted in significant escalation in metal prices last year. The widespread efforts improved capacity utilization rates within the aluminium, coal and steel industries. To a large extent, the impact of the capacity reductions in steel and coal appear to have already passed their peak, as the Chinese governments met their targets late last year.
Miners are back in business
After five consecutive years of negative growth in capex, total spending has finally turned positive, rising 8% since the prior year. A large part of the spending has been dedicated to sustaining production rather than expansionary projects. Miners are tapping into the new sources of growth led by technology driven innovation. At the forefront of this revolution, electric car production is expected to bolster demand for lithium, cobalt, copper and aluminium. Mining companies owning lithiumand cobalt deposits are well positioned to benefit from rising demand owing to their use in battery cathodes.
Ongoing supply deficits projected
A vast variety of metals are projected to continue to extend their supply deficits into 2018 as demand outstrips supply. Declining inventory levels of global metals stocks namely – zinc, copper, aluminium, platinum, palladiumand tin remain supportive of their price recovery. However deteriorating ore grades and falling reserves, make it vital for miners to undertake further exploration projects to maintain their current production.
Miners are not cheap
Owing to the challenging pricing environment between 2011 and 2016 the mining sector imposed a stricter capital discipline in an effort to shore up their balance sheet. Since mid-2016, valuations for the sector have climbed in lock step with rising profitability. Mining stocks currently trade at 17x earnings compared to the long term average of 10x, supported by higher earnings growth (Source: Bloomberg, as of 30 January 2018). Meanwhile, the current price to book ratio at 2x trades in line with its long term average of 1.7x as impairments charges reduced significantly. Recovering commodity prices, an emphasis on debt repayments and improving liquidity have helped alleviate pressure from ratings agencies as ratings outlooks for base and precious metal miners turn positive.
Denna ETCs TER (total cost ratio) uppgår till 1,00 % p.a. BNPP RICI Enhanced Brent Öl (TR) ETC är den största ETCsom följer RICI Enhanced BrentCrude Oil-index. Denna ETC replikerar det underliggande indexets prestanda syntetiskt med en swap.
BNPP RICI Enhanced Brent Öl (TR) ETC är en mycket liten ETC med 5 miljoner euro förvaltade tillgångar. Denna ETC lanserades den 2 september 2016 och har sin hemvist i Nederländerna.
Det betyder att det går att handla andelar i denna ETC genom de flesta svenska banker och Internetmäklare, till exempel DEGIRO, Nordnet, Aktieinvest och Avanza.
Valour Render (RENDER) SEK (VALOUR RNDR SEK) with ISIN CH1108679288, är en börshandlad produkt (ETP) som spårar RENDER, den ursprungliga kryptovalutan i Render Network. Render utnyttjar blockchain-teknik för att decentralisera GPU-baserad rendering, vilket ger skapare kostnadseffektiv och skalbar tillgång till beräkningskraft för visuella effekter, spel och design.
Render-nätverket är designat för att stärka digital kreativitet och kopplar samman användare som söker renderingstjänster med GPU-ägare, vilket optimerar resurser och minskar kostnaderna. RENDER-tokens används för betalning och incitament för deltagare i nätverket, vilket möjliggör sömlöst samarbete över det kreativa ekosystemet. RENDER-innehavare stödjer en vision om decentraliserad datoranvändning, som främjar innovation och tillgänglighet inom den digitala konst- och underhållningsindustrin.
Beskrivning
Valour’s Certificate-produktlinje erbjuder börshandlade produkter som uppfyller kraven, var och en helt säkrad av sina respektive digitala tillgångar. För att säkerställa säker kylförvaring samarbetar Valour med nivå 1-licensierade förvaringsinstitut som Copper. Handlade på reglerade börser och MTFer ger dessa certifikat transparent prissättning och likviditet, vilket stärker investerarnas förtroende för säkra digitala tillgångsinvesteringar. Valours grundprospekt är godkända av Finansinspektionen och uppfyller EUs krav på fullständighet, tydlighet och konsekvens.
Det betyder att det går att handla andelar i denna ETP genom de flesta svenska banker och Internetmäklare, till exempel DEGIRO, Nordnet, Aktieinvest, Levler och Avanza.
The outcome of the US election last month continues to reverberate through the crypto markets. The Nasdaq Crypto IndexTM (NCITM) has risen over 57% since November 5, fueled by widespread optimism over the direction of digital asset policy in the US.
As I wrote in a previous note, crypto assets tend to follow a four-year cycle that includes a bull phase of roughly 12 months, followed by a year-long bear market, and then a two-year recovery period. In the previous two bull markets, altcoins (i.e., everything outside of BTC) have significantly outperformed the largest crypto asset.
I believe we’ve entered a bull market, reinforced by the macro environment and US election outcomes. But there’s another data point signaling a bull market—the outperformance of the NCITM relative to BTC.¹ In the last three months, the NCITM has had a higher return than BTC (78.0% vs. 76.5%) and since the election, the NCITM has outperformed BTC by 6.8%.
Crypto Asset Performance
So, which specific aspects of crypto are poised for outperformance this time around?
One key area to watch is smart contract projects, platforms that will allow users to transact not only information but value and property as well. We believe these platforms and applications will outperform BTC in the next 12-18 months as they compete for users and lay the groundwork for decentralized applications. On the back of the infrastructure developments we have seen in this area in the last few years, new applications are emerging across AI, gaming, and many other areas as tokenization continues to expand.
We also believe that new regulatory progress in 2025 will be more beneficial to these applications than to Bitcoin specifically, because Bitcoin already has regulatory clarity and a well-developed capital markets structure, with the growth of ETFs, options, and futures. In the US and Europe, this legislative and regulatory clarity that will benefit altcoins may include:
• Market structure legislation: Proposals like FIT21 will remove ambiguities regarding the commodity vs. security status of crypto assets, as well as create paths to registration that could boost adoption in the US.
• Stablecoin legislation / MiCA implementation: Both will drive the adoption of stablecoins in the US and Europe, expanding the stablecoin phenomenon beyond just emerging markets.
• Repeal of SAB121: When this obstacle is removed and US banks can hold crypto for their clients, banks and brokerages will increase their crypto trading and custody offerings, which will benefit altcoins the most.
• New ETF launches: With the new SEC chair, there are renewed hopes for additional ETF approvals, including indices and single assets like Solana and XRP. There’s still much uncertainty here, but new assets having ETFs as on-ramps is highly positive.
In addition to Bitcoin developing as an emerging digital store of wealth and smart contract platforms becoming a new way to exchange information, value, and property, there are three other altcoin use cases we believe will benefit in the coming year:
DeFi: Projects aimed at creating an internet-based financial system, running on smart contract platforms, will create a new global capital markets infrastructure for payments, with stablecoins and tokenized money market funds being the first important use cases.
Web3: A new iteration of the internet that will let us own our data and make the internet decentralized and more usable for things like AI agents and other innovations.
Digital Culture: An emerging digital-native generation will have more demand to own digital assets and collectibles, with gaming being a natural first application.
If we compare crypto to the internet, this industry is like the internet in the 1990s and Bitcoin could be compared to email—the only application most people hear about. But fast forward 20 years and while email is still very useful, it has not been the internet’s application that created the most societal value. We believe this could be true for how Bitcoin is currently viewed relative to crypto.
Benefits of diversification
Our team at Hashdex are firm believers that getting broad exposure to this market is necessary to capture the growth we believe we will experience in these other areas. Indices like the Nasdaq Crypto IndexTM (NCITM) can provide broader market exposure and, as crypto matures as an asset class, better risk-adjusted returns. Additionally, indices provide more significant optionality as investors don’t need to rely on an active manager to do this for them. The complexity and fast-evolving nature of crypto make it hard to pick individual winners and an index simplifies investing by offering a balanced, data-driven selection of assets that can align with modern portfolio theory principles.
This is why index ETFs have been at the core of our mission. Accessing crypto through these familiar structures allows investors to benefit from the growth of this asset class with minimal friction. For most investors, we most often recommend a very small allocation to crypto, from 1% to 5%. We strongly believe that a benchmark like the NCITM is an excellent way to “buy the market” and benefit from a strategic allocation into this promising asset class.
[1] The Nasdaq Crypto Index includes Bitcoin, Ethereum, Solana, Ripple, Cardano, Chainlink, Avalanche, Litecoin, Polygon, and Uniswap as of 9/30/24