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How are long-term BTC holders affected by the recent decline?
In this week’s newsletter, 21Shares explain Bitcoin’s recent price movements, Ethereum’s upcoming upgrade inching closer to mainnet, and how Polygon is leaping towards asset tokenization while helping consumers combat AI-generated fake news.
Bitcoin: Navigating a Cooling Market Amidst Unchanged Fundamentals
Despite investors capitalizing on profits at a rate reminiscent of late 2021, Bitcoin’s fundamentals stand resilient. To contextualize the price movements, with Bitcoin surging nearly 150% from the November 2022 lows and around 90% since the ETF-led speculation in October 2023, it’s reasonable to expect a cashing in on this rally. Although both short-term holders have been selling their holdings post the January 11th approval, the selling pressure, as indicated by transfers to exchanges in Figure 1, has started to stabilize. Nevertheless, a potential headwind lies in GBTC outflows. Particularly, investors who engaged in an arbitrage trade by purchasing GBTC in 2023 to leverage the fund’s discounted value, estimated at around $3 billion, are expected to be liquidating their positions. Further, the FTX estate divested most of its GBTC holdings, valued at approximately $1 billion, adding more color to the recent persistent outflows.
Figure 1: Short-Term Holders Transfer Activity to Exchanges
Source: Glassnode
With the attainment of this historic milestone, it becomes imperative to examine Bitcoin’s fundamentals to gauge the network’s overall health. The surge in new active addresses since January 11 indicates investors’ anticipation for the upcoming April 2024 halving event. Furthermore, the network is transitioning into a new phase marked by the emergence of diverse scaling solutions aimed at overcoming its limitations. This evolution enhances Bitcoin’s competitiveness among smart-contract platforms and heightens user excitement. A notable example is the upcoming Nakamoto upgrade by Stacks, scheduled around the halving. This upgrade will introduce sBTC, a derivative of Bitcoin with smart-contract functionality, that will enable interaction on top of its unique DeFi ecosystem. Additionally, the upgrade aims to reduce the network’s settlement time from 10 minutes to five seconds, providing a more streamlined user experience on top of the Bitcoin blockchain.
Ultimately, as Bitcoin’s hash rate maintains its upward trajectory, signaling sustained resilience for the network, and is complemented by the increasing number of whales highlighted in Figure 2—representing investors holding more than 1,000 BTC—a clearer picture unfolds. It is evident that long-term holders and steadfast believers in Bitcoin remain unfazed by the recent developments.
Figure 2: Large Holders’ Balance
Source: Glassnode
Ethereum Clears the First Hurdle Towards its New Upgrade
Dubbed Dencun, the upcoming network upgrade aims to slash gas fees for Ethereum’s scaling solutions by nearly 90%. This will be achieved through the introduction of data blobs, a novel data container that efficiently carries substantial amounts of data at a lower verification cost. This innovation is poised to significantly reduce settlement costs for rollup networks such as Arbitrum and Optimism. Despite a minor glitch in the first upgrade trial where the Prysm validator client software failed to sync data correctly due to a bug, the diverse client ecosystem maintained the network’s resilience, with Prysm accounting for less than 40% of all Ethereum nodes.
With the successful completion of the current upgrade, the path is now paved for two additional trial runs on January 30 and February 7, leading to the expected mainnet deployment in late March. This upgrade is pivotal, standing out as a key driver of excitement around Ethereum and its extensive ecosystem of scaling solutions, as evidenced by the network’s surging daily transactions reaching a multi-year high (see Figure 3). The upgrade, combined with speculating the approval of a Spot Ethereum ETF in the U.S. and its potential impact on ETH’s performance, is poised to generate momentum for the second-largest cryptocurrency by market cap, solidifying its market position.
Figure 3: Daily Transactions on Ethereum
Source: The Block
Polygon Advances Tokenization while Showcasing Blockchain’s Influence Beyond Financial Applications
Polygon’s Chain Developers Kit, introduced last year, has attracted protocols aiming to cater to the growing institutional appetite for tokenization. Libre is one of these protocols, introduced on January 10, with Hamilton Lane and Brevan Howard as the first consumers. Going live this quarter, Libre is an institution-focused protocol offering compliant issuance and automated lifecycle management of alternative investments. Moreover, Polygon Labs joined the Tokenized Asset Coalition aiming at bringing $1 trillion in assets on-chain. These initiatives focusing on accelerating the adoption of tokenized assets show the active role Polygon is aiming to play across the tokenized market, which we at 21Shares expect to grow to $10 trillion by 2030.
Beyond the financial use cases that crypto is misperceived to exclusively fulfill, Polygon also announced “Verify” in partnership with Fox Corporation. Verify is a blockchain-based content verification platform that aims to empower media companies to register their content and grant artificial intelligence (AI) platforms the right to use them so that end-users can easily verify the origin of a piece of content. This use case of blockchain technology is of utmost importance with the rapid rise of AI across different disciplines. AI-generated content may be used in bad faith to make a rumor believable, for example. Fake news can be detrimental in the age of AI. Verify is another example of how Polygon is trying to break the barrier and showcase blockchain’s value proposition beyond finance.
This Week’s Calendar
Source: Forex Factory
Research Newsletter
Each week the 21Shares Research team will publish our data-driven insights into the crypto asset world through this newsletter. Please direct any comments, questions, and words of feedback to research@21shares.com
Disclaimer
The information provided does not constitute a prospectus or other offering material and does not contain or constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of any offer to buy securities in any jurisdiction. Some of the information published herein may contain forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties and that actual results may differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors. The information contained herein may not be considered as economic, legal, tax or other advice and users are cautioned to base investment decisions or other decisions solely on the content hereof.
The outcome of the US election last month continues to reverberate through the crypto markets. The Nasdaq Crypto IndexTM (NCITM) has risen over 57% since November 5, fueled by widespread optimism over the direction of digital asset policy in the US.
As I wrote in a previous note, crypto assets tend to follow a four-year cycle that includes a bull phase of roughly 12 months, followed by a year-long bear market, and then a two-year recovery period. In the previous two bull markets, altcoins (i.e., everything outside of BTC) have significantly outperformed the largest crypto asset.
I believe we’ve entered a bull market, reinforced by the macro environment and US election outcomes. But there’s another data point signaling a bull market—the outperformance of the NCITM relative to BTC.¹ In the last three months, the NCITM has had a higher return than BTC (78.0% vs. 76.5%) and since the election, the NCITM has outperformed BTC by 6.8%.
Crypto Asset Performance
So, which specific aspects of crypto are poised for outperformance this time around?
One key area to watch is smart contract projects, platforms that will allow users to transact not only information but value and property as well. We believe these platforms and applications will outperform BTC in the next 12-18 months as they compete for users and lay the groundwork for decentralized applications. On the back of the infrastructure developments we have seen in this area in the last few years, new applications are emerging across AI, gaming, and many other areas as tokenization continues to expand.
We also believe that new regulatory progress in 2025 will be more beneficial to these applications than to Bitcoin specifically, because Bitcoin already has regulatory clarity and a well-developed capital markets structure, with the growth of ETFs, options, and futures. In the US and Europe, this legislative and regulatory clarity that will benefit altcoins may include:
• Market structure legislation: Proposals like FIT21 will remove ambiguities regarding the commodity vs. security status of crypto assets, as well as create paths to registration that could boost adoption in the US.
• Stablecoin legislation / MiCA implementation: Both will drive the adoption of stablecoins in the US and Europe, expanding the stablecoin phenomenon beyond just emerging markets.
• Repeal of SAB121: When this obstacle is removed and US banks can hold crypto for their clients, banks and brokerages will increase their crypto trading and custody offerings, which will benefit altcoins the most.
• New ETF launches: With the new SEC chair, there are renewed hopes for additional ETF approvals, including indices and single assets like Solana and XRP. There’s still much uncertainty here, but new assets having ETFs as on-ramps is highly positive.
In addition to Bitcoin developing as an emerging digital store of wealth and smart contract platforms becoming a new way to exchange information, value, and property, there are three other altcoin use cases we believe will benefit in the coming year:
- DeFi: Projects aimed at creating an internet-based financial system, running on smart contract platforms, will create a new global capital markets infrastructure for payments, with stablecoins and tokenized money market funds being the first important use cases.
- Web3: A new iteration of the internet that will let us own our data and make the internet decentralized and more usable for things like AI agents and other innovations.
- Digital Culture: An emerging digital-native generation will have more demand to own digital assets and collectibles, with gaming being a natural first application.
If we compare crypto to the internet, this industry is like the internet in the 1990s and Bitcoin could be compared to email—the only application most people hear about. But fast forward 20 years and while email is still very useful, it has not been the internet’s application that created the most societal value. We believe this could be true for how Bitcoin is currently viewed relative to crypto.
Benefits of diversification
Our team at Hashdex are firm believers that getting broad exposure to this market is necessary to capture the growth we believe we will experience in these other areas. Indices like the Nasdaq Crypto IndexTM (NCITM) can provide broader market exposure and, as crypto matures as an asset class, better risk-adjusted returns. Additionally, indices provide more significant optionality as investors don’t need to rely on an active manager to do this for them. The complexity and fast-evolving nature of crypto make it hard to pick individual winners and an index simplifies investing by offering a balanced, data-driven selection of assets that can align with modern portfolio theory principles.
This is why index ETFs have been at the core of our mission. Accessing crypto through these familiar structures allows investors to benefit from the growth of this asset class with minimal friction. For most investors, we most often recommend a very small allocation to crypto, from 1% to 5%. We strongly believe that a benchmark like the NCITM is an excellent way to “buy the market” and benefit from a strategic allocation into this promising asset class.
[1] The Nasdaq Crypto Index includes Bitcoin, Ethereum, Solana, Ripple, Cardano, Chainlink, Avalanche, Litecoin, Polygon, and Uniswap as of 9/30/24
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