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Have your cake and eat it with The contrarian model
ETF Securities Asset Allocation Research – Have your cake and eat it with the contrarian model
- Taking a contrarian view to a traditional reading of key indicators of commodity prices boosts the return of traditional portfolios of commodities.
- Adding a short exposure to the contrarian model allows for drastically lower level of risk, enhancing the Sharpe ratio to 0.8 over a period of 16 years.
- According to our analysis, implementation costs are likely to have minimal impact on the overall portfolio performance over the long and short run.
The contrarian model
In our January paper, How to make the best of commodities: the contrarian model, we discussed the concept of a contrarian strategy being applied to indicators that we view as having the largest impact on commodity prices: momentum, inventories, positioning and roll yield.
A traditional reading of these indicators suggests that if price is above its 200-day moving average, inventories are declining, net positioning is increasing or the futures curve (at the short end) is in backwardation, then this should be price positive.
In contrast, the contrarian model is an asset allocation strategy based on the opposite reading of these four indicators. We have derived five unique portfolios out of the contrarian model: one based on each of the above indicators and a fifth one combining all the indicators called the ETFS contrarian model. In this note, we focus on the results of the combined portfolio.
The long only ETFS contrarian model buys a commodity when all four indicators turn price negative and will hold the commodity until all four indicators become price positive. The model will then sell the commodity or take a short exposure to that commodity in the long short version of the model.
The commodity universe is similar to the constituents of the Bloomberg Commodity Index. Each portfolio rebalances to an equal weighting on a quarterly basis and is composed of individual commodity indices using the Bloomberg Commodity Index family as proxy.
A boost with the long only contrarians
In our January paper, our analysis shows that the ETFS contrarian model and inventories are the best performers, posting an annual return of 10.8% on average since 2000. Positioning and roll yield come next with 7.9% per year while momentum underperforms the other model variants with a return of 4% per year.
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*Long only 3 month forward is the long only version of the ETFS contrarian model composed of Bloomberg commodity single indices 3 month forward. Source: ETF Securities, Bloomberg
The ETFS contrarian model outperformed the benchmark, the Bloomberg Commodity Index 3 month forward. The annual return of the model is double the return of the benchmark index over the past 16 years for similar level of volatility, bettering its Sharpe ratio of 0.24 by more than double (0.60).
A cushion with the long short contrarians
So far we looked at the long only version of the ETFS contrarian model where commodities with indicators having a positive impact on prices are simply removed from the portfolio during the rebalancing period. Shorting these commodities actually reduces the annual return of the ETFS contrarian model from 10.8% to 8.3% over the past 16 years.
Although the annual return is lower as shown in the chart below, the volatility of the long short version is also drastically lower than the volatility of the long only version. Adding a short exposure to the model clearly minimises the impact of events such as the financial crisis in 2008 or the slump in commodity prices since 2011.
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As a result, the Sharpe ratio increases from 0.24 for the commodity benchmark, to 0.60 for the ETFS long only contrarian model due to higher return, and to 0.78 for the ETFS long short contrarian model thanks to higher return and much lower volatility.
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*Long only and long short front month are the long only and long short versions of the ETFS contrarian model exposed to Bloomberg commodity single indices. Source: ETF Securities, Bloomberg
Moving along the futures curves
The total return of an investment into commodities depends on its exposure along the futures curve. The dotted lines in the below chart are portfolios exposed to contracts at the short end of the curve while plain lines are portfolios exposed to the 3 month forward futures contracts, our main focus in this note so far.
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Source: ETF Securities, Bloomberg
While an exposure to front month futures contracts is detrimental to the return of the ETFS long only contrarian model, it actually improves the return of the long short portfolio over the long run.
Efficient also during commodities rout
In this section, we have tested our model over a shorter period, from 2011 to 2016 when commodities were performing poorly and observed similar results: a strong improvement of the Sharpe ratio when implementing the long short version of the ETFS contrarian model.
During these years, the commodity indices were posting an annual return of -11% on average. With the ETFS long only contrarian model, investors were able to reduce the negative return to around -7% and completely erase their loss with the ETFS long short contrarian model. In addition to stronger risk/return ratio, the ETFS long short contrarian model also provides more efficient protection against market downturns.
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*Based on the ETFS contrarian model only. Source: ETF Securities, Bloomberg
The above chart shows that fees are likely to have minimal impact on the contrarian portfolio performance. Portfolios composed of commodity ETPs (exchange traded products), on the right hand side, are priced based on the ETP net asset value (NAV) where management fee, swap fee and licence fee are embedded. We can see that the return of the long short contrarian model is down 70bps compared to the portfolio exposed to the front month commodity indices while there is no visible impact on the long only contrarian model. Execution fees applied to portfolios using ETPs also have negligible impact on performance. This is due to the model rebalancing on a quarterly basis and therefore involving a small number of transactions per year.
To sum up, the contrarian model drastically improves the risk/return profile of a portfolio of commodities over the long and short term. The long only contrarian models tend to outperform long short contrarian models in the long run. However, the benefit of the long short contrarian models is much higher thanks to drastically lower volatility. Between 2011 and 2016, the long short contrarian models also provide an effective protection against commodities rout with implementation costs likely to have minimal impact on the model performance.
For more information contact
ETF Securities Research team
ETF Securities (UK) Limited
T +44 (0) 207 448 4336
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This communication has been provided by ETF Securities (UK) Limited (”ETFS UK”) which is authorised and regulated by the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority.
2024 was a landmark year for bitcoin, solidifying its role as a fully institutionalised asset class.
Institutional inflows into physical bitcoin exchange-traded products (ETPs) reached nearly $35 billion globally, signalling a major shift in how traditional investors view crypto. As bitcoin continued to enhance portfolios’ risk-return profiles, more institutional investors followed suit, reshaping the financial landscape.
Looking ahead, 2025 promises to bring exciting developments across the crypto ecosystem. Here are the top five crypto trends to watch.
Fear of being left behind
The era of bitcoin as a niche investment is over. Institutional adoption is creating a ripple effect, forcing hesitant players to reconsider. Portfolios with bitcoin allocations are consistently outperforming those without, highlighting its growing importance.
Figure 1: Bitcoin in a multi-asset portfolio
| 60/40 Global Portfolio | 1% Bitcoin Portfolio | 3% Bitcoin Portfolio | 5% Bitcoin Portfolio | 10% Bitcoin Portfolio | MSCI AC World | Bloomberg Multiverse | Bitcoin | |
| Annualised Return | 5.77% | 6.46% | 7.83% | 9.20% | 12.57% | 9.07% | 0.56% | 56.24% |
| Volatility | 8.79% | 8.86% | 9.14% | 9.62% | 11.42% | 13.94% | 5.05% | 67.28% |
| Sharpe Ratio | 0.48 | 0.55 | 0.68 | 0.79 | 0.96 | 0.54 | -0.20 | 0.81 |
| Information Ratio | 1.01 | 1.01 | 1.01 | 1.00 | ||||
| Beta | 70% | 71% | 73% | 75% | 81% | 100% | 24% | 181% |
Source: Bloomberg, WisdomTree. From 31 December 2013 to 30 November 2024. In USD. Based on daily returns. The 60/40 Global Portfolio is composed of 60% MSCI All Country World and 40% Bloomberg Multiverse. You cannot invest directly in an index. Historical performance is not an indication of future performance and any investment may go down in value.
With bitcoin’s ability to noticeably improve portfolios’ risk-return profiles, asset managers face a clear choice: integrate bitcoin into multi-asset portfolios or risk falling behind in a rapidly evolving financial landscape. In 2025, expect the competition to heat up as clients demand exposure to this powerhouse cryptocurrency.
Expanding crypto investment options
In 2024, regulatory breakthroughs opened the doors for physical bitcoin and ether ETPs in key developed markets. This marked a critical step towards making cryptocurrencies mainstream, providing seamless access to institutional and retail investors alike.
Figure 2: Global physical crypto ETP assets under management (AUM) and 2024 net flows
Source: Bloomberg, WisdomTree. 02 January 2025. Historical performance is not an indication of future performance and any investment may go down in value.
In 2025, this momentum is expected to accelerate as the crypto regulatory environment becomes more friendly in the United States and as key developed markets follow Europe’s lead and approve ETPs for altcoins such as Solana and XRP. With their clear utility and growing adoption, these altcoins are strong candidates for institutional investment vehicles.
This next wave of altcoin ETPs will expand the diversity of crypto investment opportunities and further integrate cryptocurrencies into the global financial system.
The maturing of Ethereum’s layer-2 ecosystem
Ethereum’s role as the backbone of decentralised finance (DeFi), non-fungible tokens (NFTs), and Web3 is unmatched, but its scalability challenges remain a hurdle. Layer-2 solutions—technologies such as Arbitrum and Optimism—are transforming Ethereum’s scalability and usability by enabling faster, cheaper transactions.
In 2025, Ethereum’s recent upgrades, such as Proto-Danksharding (introduced in the ‘Dencun’ upgrade), will drive layer-2 adoption even further. Innovations like Visa’s layer-2 payment platform leveraging Ethereum for instant cross-border transactions will underscore the platform’s evolution.
Expect Ethereum’s layer-2 ecosystem to power real-world use cases ranging from tokenized assets to decentralised gaming, positioning it as the infrastructure of a truly scalable digital economy.
Stablecoins: bridging finance and blockchain
Stablecoins are becoming indispensable to the global financial system, offering the stability of traditional assets with the efficiency of blockchain. Platforms such as Ethereum dominate the stablecoin landscape, hosting stablecoin giants Tether (USDT) and USD Coin (USDC), which facilitate billions in daily transactions.
Figure 3: Key stablecoin chains
Source: Artemis Terminal, WisdomTree. 05 January 2025. Historical performance is not an indication of future performance and any investment may go down in value.
As we move into 2025, stablecoins will increasingly interact with blockchain ecosystems such as Solana and XRP. Solana’s high-speed, low-cost infrastructure makes it ideal for stablecoin payments and remittances, while XRP Ledger’s focus on cross-border efficiency positions it as a leader in global settlements. With institutional adoption rising and DeFi applications booming, stablecoins will serve as the backbone of a seamless, interconnected financial ecosystem.
Tokenization: redefining ownership and revolutionising finance
Tokenization is set to redefine how we think about ownership and value. By converting tangible assets like real estate, commodities, stocks, and art into digital tokens, tokenization breaks down barriers to entry and creates unprecedented liquidity.
In 2025, tokenization will expand dramatically, empowering investors to own fractions of high-value assets. Platforms such as Paxos Gold and AspenCoin are already showcasing how tokenization can revolutionize markets for gold and luxury real estate. The integration of tokenized assets into DeFi will unlock new financial opportunities, such as using tokenized real estate as collateral for loans. As tokenization matures, it will transform industries ranging from private equity to venture capital, creating a more inclusive and efficient financial system.
For the avoidance of any doubt, tokenization complements crypto by expanding the use cases of blockchain to include real-world applications.
Looking ahead
2025 is set to be a defining year for crypto, as innovation, regulation, and adoption converge. Whether it is bitcoin cementing its position as a portfolio staple, Ethereum scaling for mainstream use, or tokenization unlocking liquidity in untapped markets, the crypto ecosystem is poised for explosive growth. For investors and institutions alike, the opportunities have never been clearer or more compelling.
This material is prepared by WisdomTree and its affiliates and is not intended to be relied upon as a forecast, research or investment advice, and is not a recommendation, offer or solicitation to buy or sell any securities or to adopt any investment strategy. The opinions expressed are as of the date of production and may change as subsequent conditions vary. The information and opinions contained in this material are derived from proprietary and non-proprietary sources. As such, no warranty of accuracy or reliability is given and no responsibility arising in any other way for errors and omissions (including responsibility to any person by reason of negligence) is accepted by WisdomTree, nor any affiliate, nor any of their officers, employees or agents. Reliance upon information in this material is at the sole discretion of the reader. Past performance is not a reliable indicator of future performance.
On January 20, 2025, bitcoin (BTC) reached a new all-time high, surpassing $109,000, and this milestone coincided with Donald Trump’s inauguration for his second term as U.S. President.
Historical trends show that BTC has performed exceptionally well in the 12 months following the past three U.S. elections. If history repeats, this could signal another bullish phase. With Trump’s pro-BTC stance and a U.S. Congress aligned on favorable digital regulation, the outlook for the coming months appears highly promising.
Source: Hashdex Research with data from Messari (from November 6, 2012 to January 19, 2025).
MARKET HIGHLIGHTS | Jan 13 2025 – Jan 19 2025
Bitcoin-backed loans enabled on Coinbase’s L2
• Now customers can borrow USDC in the new base’s lending protocol by using bitcoin as collateral.
• This underscores the importance of onchain innovations as the pillar for future adoption of blockchain technology, in this case enhancing personal finance to be more decentralized and intuitive in a permissionless etho..
ETF filings reiterate bullish regulatory tailwinds
• As Donald Trump’s inauguration approaches, several asset managers have filed applications for new crypto ETF products, including those focused on assets like LTC and XRP.
• This reflects optimism for 2025’s crypto regulations and their potential to transform the regulated products landscape.
Trump to make crypto top priority in US agenda
• U.S. President-elect Donald Trump allegedly plans to issue an executive order making crypto a national policy priority and establishing an advisory council.
• The announcement signals that crypto has gained political importance. Even if not all promises are met, crypto has already crossed the chasm.
MARKET METRICS
The Nasdaq Crypto Index™
This week saw a significant rise in digital assets as the market awaits Trump’s inauguration, with the NCI™ (+15.3%) outperforming all traditional asset classes. The NCI™ (+13.2%) also outperformed BTC (+12.1%), highlighting the value of diversification in a volatile market. The performance was positively impacted by SOL’s strong 46.3% gain, while ETH’s underwhelming 3.0% growth had a dampening effect.
Source: Hashdex Research with data from CF Benchmarks and Bloomberg (from December 31, 2024 to January 19, 2025).
It was a strong week for the NCI™ , with SOL leading the pack (among others, like XRP and LINK), surging 46.3%, while BTC (12.1%) and ETH (3.0%) lagged behind. This price action seems driven by excitement around Trump’s inauguration and the crypto-friendly environment his promises suggest.
Source: Hashdex Research with data from Messari (from January 12, 2025 to January 19, 2025).
Indices tracked by Hashdex
Source: Hashdex Research with data from CF Benchmarks and Vinter (from January 19, 2024 to January 19, 2025).
5 crypto trends to watch in 2025
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