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Gold and silver: similar, but different

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Gold and silver: similar, but different Silver is often looked at in gold’s shadow. The price performance of two metals is 80% correlated. We find that the best way to model silver prices is by looking at gold prices.

Commodity Research – Gold and silver: similar, but different

Highlights

  • Silver is often looked at in gold’s shadow. The price performance of two metals is 80% correlated. We find that the best way to model silver prices is by looking at gold prices.
  • However, we identify key differences between the two metals. Whereas gold operates like a currency or monetary asset, silver behaves more like a ‘normal’ commodity, responding to changes in supply and demand.
  • Silver is likely to trade around US$23/oz next year, up from just below US$20/oz currently.

Silver in gold’s shadow

Silver’s price performance is 80% correlated with gold’s price performance. When investor sentiment toward gold turns more positive, optimism toward silver usually follows. For example, as gold prices rose in January 2016 and inflows into gold ETPs surged, silver prices and ETP inflows substantially rose in February 2016.

We find that the best way to model silver prices is to look at gold prices and a number of silver supply and demand indicators. Modelling silver prices on gold alone can give a R-squaredi of 55%. We can enhance the model by looking adding specific silver supply and demand indicators. That raises the R-squared to close to 70%.

When modelling gold prices, we found that physical supply and demand did not help explain prices. In contrast, for silver indicators of supply and demand matters.

More than 50% of silver’s demand comes from industrial fabrication, whereas less than 10% of gold demand comes from that sector. We found global manufacturing PMIs to be a good proxy for industrial demand.

Changes in futures exchange silver inventory and lagged changes in global mining capital expenditure (capex) provide a good proxy for supply of silver. Increases in exchange inventory indicate that more of the metal is readily available. As 75% of silver comes as a by-product of mining for other metals we look at aggregate mining capex across the top 100 metal miners. We lag that change in capex by 18 months as its takes time for changes in investment to translate into changes in supply.

etfs1

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Out of sample testing from 2014 shows that the model performs well and captures key turning points in silver’s performance.

etfs2

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The big spike in silver’s price in 2010-2011 is very difficult to explain. Anecdotally it was accounted for by the market’s reaction to central bank expansion of their balance sheets in the aftermath of the financial crisis.

However, the fact that central bank balance sheets remained bloated for some time afterwards and that silver prices deflated indicates that the price gains were overdone and we believe that period was effectively a price bubble.

Silver to US$23/oz

We expect gold to rise to US$1440/oz in 2017. We assume that global manufacturing PMIs will still be weighed-down by poor performance in large developed economies (outside of US) but get some uplift from the US and emerging markets and therefore rise by a modest 1%. To be conservative, we also assume that exchange inventory, which has been elevated recently, does not decline. Lastly following the 20% y-o-y decline in miner capex 6 months ago, we have an input for the 18-month lagged capex factor in the model. Based on these inputs, silver is likely to rise by just under 20%, to just over US$23/oz.

Exploring silver fundamentals

While the model presented above displays a high R-square, it ties the price of one commodity to another without exploring all of the metal’s own fundamentals.

For illustrative purposes we remove gold prices from the model and introduce some of the explanitory variables from our gold model into the silver model. This second model has a lower R-square and the forecasting power of the model is more comprimised by the 20110-2011 bubble than the simple model.

We find a number of interesting observations from this excerise:
• Unlike for gold, nominal treasury yields are not a significant explanitory variable for silver. This accords with the fact that gold behaves more like a currency/fiancial asset than silver.
• While consumer price inflation (CPI) is a statisticaly significant driver for silver, producer price inflation (PPI) is statistically stronger. This reflects silver’s industrial qualities.
• In contrast to gold, supply of the silver tends to influence its price. Because mine supply of gold represents only a tiny fraction of the above ground stock of gold, and a large amount of gold is held in bullion and jewellery form, changes in mine supply account for very little of the gold that changes hands each year. In contrast a large amount of silver mined goes into industrial applications and thefore is ‘consumed’ until the goods using silver, such as electrical products or photovoltaic panels, is recycled. We measure silver supply in three different ways: silver ore production, change in exchange inventory and an 18-month lag to miner capex.

• Like gold, silver priced in US Dollars is driven by the trade-weighted US Dollar exchange rate.
• Like gold, sentiment towards the metal measured by futures market specualtive positioing is a significant explanitory variable.

Summary of expansive silver model:

etfs3

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Application of this second model is more difficult, because it does not deal with the 2010-2011 bubble so well. Also current current specualtive positioning in silver futures looks very streteched. Futures market optimism was no-where near this high, even in the 2010-2011 bubble and so a model calibrated on historic data, would look to forecast silver prices substantially higher than where they are today.

etfs4

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Using the same assumption for currency movement we had in our gold model and consistent movements in PPI inflation as we had for CPIii, we look at what price the model would give us. We also assume that speculative positioning in silver remains elevated, but not as overstretched as they are right nowiii. We assume that ore production supply or exchange inventory don’t increase and that lagged capex in mining declines 20% (as in the simple model). This model gives us a price close to US$25/oz (25% increase) in 2017. However, we believe the first simple model is likely to give more reliable results. The second model simply helps us the understand some of the fundamental drivers of silver better.

i A measure of how close the fitted data and actual data are. 0% means that the model explains none of the variability and 100% means the model explains all the variability.
ii We assumed CPI inflation will rise from 0.8% to 1.1% in the gold model and PPI inflation rise from 0% to 0.5% in the silver model.
iii Speculative positioning is currently above 87,000 contracts. We assume positioning trims to 40,000 contracts, which is elevated compared to the 27,000 series average.

For more information contact:

ETF Securities Research team
ETF Securities (UK) Limited
T +44 (0) 207 448 4336
E info@etfsecurities.com

Important Information

The analyses in the above tables are purely for information purposes. They do not reflect the performance of any ETF Securities’ products . The futures and roll returns are not necessarily investable.

General

This communication has been provided by ETF Securities (UK) Limited (“ETFS UK”) which is authorised and regulated by the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority (the “FCA”).

This communication is only targeted at qualified or professional investors.

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Michael Saylor’s bold Bitcoin bet and Strategy’s risk analysis

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Michael Saylor’s bold Bitcoin bet and Strategy’s risk analysis Bitcoin price technical analysis: Where are the liquidation levels?
  • Michael Saylor’s bold Bitcoin bet and Strategy’s risk analysis
  • Bitcoin price technical analysis: Where are the liquidation levels?
  • What are real-world assets and why do we need tokenization?

Michael Saylor’s bold Bitcoin bet and Strategy’s risk analysis

Strategy (formerly MicroStrategy) has amassed a staggering $43 billion in Bitcoin, positioning itself at the forefront of the corporate “reserve race.” Under the leadership of Bitcoin maximalist Michael Saylor, the company now boasts an $84 billion market cap. But with such an aggressive strategy, how sustainable is its approach—and what risks lie ahead? We break it down in today’s analysis.

Bitcoin price technical analysis: Where are the liquidation levels?

A drop below $72,000 could flush longs, while a breakout above $90,000 may squeeze shorts. One key positive indicator is that Bitcoin continues to print higher lows since March 10, which preserves a bullish market structure in our view. Dive into our technical analysis.

What are real-world assets and why do we need tokenization?

Imagine owning a slice of a skyscraper or a piece of fine art with just a few clicks. Tokenization, the act of converting ownership rights to real-world assets (RWAs) into tradable tokens, has surpassed $10 billion in on-chain value, unlocking global 24/7 access to once-exclusive markets with liquidity, efficiency, and yield. Find out how it works.

Research Newsletter

Each week the 21Shares Research team will publish our data-driven insights into the crypto asset world through this newsletter. Please direct any comments, questions, and words of feedback to research@21shares.com

Disclaimer

The information provided does not constitute a prospectus or other offering material and does not contain or constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of any offer to buy securities in any jurisdiction. Some of the information published herein may contain forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties and that actual results may differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors. The information contained herein may not be considered as economic, legal, tax or other advice and users are cautioned to base investment decisions or other decisions solely on the content hereof.

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BSE0 ETF köper bara företagsobligationer med förfall 2030

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Invesco BulletShares 2030 EUR Corporate Bond UCITS ETF EUR Acc (BSE0 ETF) med ISIN IE000I25S1V5, försöker följa Bloomberg 2030 Maturity EUR Corporate Bond Screened-index. Bloomberg 2030 Maturity EUR Corporate Bond Screened Index följer företagsobligationer denominerade i EUR. Indexet speglar inte ett konstant löptidsintervall (som är fallet med de flesta andra obligationsindex). Istället ingår endast obligationer som förfaller under det angivna året (här: 2030) i indexet. Indexet består av ESG (environmental, social and governance) screenade företagsobligationer. Betyg: Investment Grade. Löptid: december 2030 (Denna ETF kommer att stängas efteråt).

Invesco BulletShares 2030 EUR Corporate Bond UCITS ETF EUR Acc (BSE0 ETF) med ISIN IE000I25S1V5, försöker följa Bloomberg 2030 Maturity EUR Corporate Bond Screened-index. Bloomberg 2030 Maturity EUR Corporate Bond Screened Index följer företagsobligationer denominerade i EUR. Indexet speglar inte ett konstant löptidsintervall (som är fallet med de flesta andra obligationsindex). Istället ingår endast obligationer som förfaller under det angivna året (här: 2030) i indexet. Indexet består av ESG (environmental, social and governance) screenade företagsobligationer. Betyg: Investment Grade. Löptid: december 2030 (Denna ETF kommer att stängas efteråt).

Den börshandlade fondens TER (total cost ratio) uppgår till 0,10 % p.a. Invesco BulletShares 2030 EUR Corporate Bond UCITS ETF EUR Acc är den billigaste och största ETF som följer Bloomberg 2030 Maturity EUR Corporate Bond Screened index. ETFen replikerar det underliggande indexets prestanda genom samplingsteknik (köper ett urval av de mest relevanta indexbeståndsdelarna). Ränteintäkterna (kupongerna) ackumuleras och återinvesteras.

Invesco BulletShares 2030 EUR Corporate Bond UCITS ETF EUR Acc är en mycket liten ETF med tillgångar på 6 miljoner euro under förvaltning. Denna ETF lanserades den 18 juni 2024 och har sin hemvist i Irland.

Produktbeskrivning

Invesco BulletShares 2030 EUR Corporate Bond UCITS ETF Acc syftar till att ge den totala avkastningen för Bloomberg 2030 Maturity EUR Corporate Bond Screened Index (”Referensindexet”), minus avgifternas inverkan. Fonden har en fast löptid och kommer att upphöra på Förfallodagen.

Referensindexet är utformat för att återspegla resultatet för EUR-denominerade, investeringsklassade, fast ränta, skattepliktiga skuldebrev emitterade av företagsemittenter. För att vara berättigade till inkludering måste företagsvärdepapper ha minst 300 miljoner euro i nominellt utestående belopp och en effektiv löptid på eller mellan 1 januari 2030 och 31 december 2030.

Värdepapper är uteslutna om emittenter: 1) är inblandade i kontroversiella vapen, handeldvapen, militära kontrakt, oljesand, termiskt kol eller tobak; 2) inte har en kontroversnivå enligt definitionen av Sustainalytics eller har en Sustainalytics-kontroversnivå högre än 4; 3) anses inte följa principerna i FN:s Global Compact; eller 4) kommer från tillväxtmarknader.

Portföljförvaltarna strävar efter att uppnå fondens mål genom att tillämpa en urvalsstrategi, som inkluderar användning av kvantitativ analys, för att välja en andel av värdepapperen från referensindexet som representerar hela indexets egenskaper, med hjälp av faktorer som index- vägd genomsnittlig varaktighet, industrisektorer, landvikter och kreditkvalitet. När en företagsobligation som innehas av fonden når förfallodag kommer kontanterna som fonden tar emot att användas för att investera i kortfristiga EUR-denominerade skulder.

ETFen förvaltas passivt.

En investering i denna fond är ett förvärv av andelar i en passivt förvaltad indexföljande fond snarare än i de underliggande tillgångarna som ägs av fonden.

Förfallodag: andra onsdagen i december 2026 eller sådant annat datum som bestäms av styrelseledamöterna och meddelas aktieägaren

Handla BSE0 ETF

Invesco BulletShares 2030 EUR Corporate Bond UCITS ETF EUR Acc (BSE0 ETF) är en europeisk börshandlad fond. Denna fond handlas på flera olika börser, till exempel Deutsche Boerse Xetra.

Det betyder att det går att handla andelar i denna ETF genom de flesta svenska banker och Internetmäklare, till exempel DEGIRONordnet, Aktieinvest och Avanza.

Börsnoteringar

BörsValutaKortnamn
XETRAEURBSE0

Största innehav

NamnCUSIPISINKupongräntaVikt %
Fresenius SE & Co KGaA 5.125% 05/10/30D2R9K1AL3XS26987136955.1252.55%
Mercedes-Benz Group AG 2.375% 22/05/30D1668RZW0DE000A289XG82.3752.19%
Akzo Nobel NV 1.625% 14/04/30N01803YV6XS21565982811.6252.08%
Eni SpA 0.625% 23/01/30T3666JJV9XS21073154700.6251.98%
Prologis International Funding II 2.375% 14/11/30L7763MAD2XS19046903412.3751.78%
REWE International Finance BV 4.875% 13/09/30N74119AA1XS26798981844.8751.65%
CaixaBank SA 4.25% 06/09/30E2R193R97XS26768144994.2501.64%
Verizon Communications Inc 4.25% 31/10/30XS25508811434.2501.64%
Liberty Mutual Group Inc 4.625% 02/12/30U52932BR7XS25616473684.6251.62%
AXA SA 3.75% 12/10/30F0609NBG2XS25372511703.7501.60%

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US regulatory shift provides a beacon for optimism

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Since President Trump appointed Mark Uyeda as acting SEC chair two months ago, many investigations into crypto businesses have been dropped, as the SEC moves away from regulation by enforcement and works to create a framework for digital assets. As regulations become clearer and news flow turns more positive, crypto prices—which dropped sharply this week—should begin to better reflect the new regulatory landscape in the US.

Since President Trump appointed Mark Uyeda as acting SEC chair two months ago, many investigations into crypto businesses have been dropped, as the SEC moves away from regulation by enforcement and works to create a framework for digital assets. As regulations become clearer and news flow turns more positive, crypto prices—which dropped sharply this week—should begin to better reflect the new regulatory landscape in the US.

We believe this regulatory shift could ultimately help trigger the next leg of the current bull run, as investors better understand the significance of regulatory clarity and seek to acquire bitcoin and altcoins at what we believe are currently very favorable levels.

Market Highlights

SEC Dismisses Crypto Enforcement Actions

The SEC dropped its enforcement actions against crypto-related companies Kraken, Consensys, and Cumberland DRW.

This indicates a shift in SEC’s regulatory approach, favoring clearer guidelines over enforcement actions. Such a pivot could foster a more predictable environment, encouraging innovation within the sector.

Banks to Engage in Crypto Activities

The FDIC has rescinded previous guidelines which prevented financial institutions from engaging with crypto activities without prior sign-off.

By removing bureaucratic hurdles, banks may more readily offer crypto-related services, potentially leading to broader adoption and integration of digital assets.

Bitcoin ETFs Inflow Streak Surpassed $1 Billion

US spot Bitcoin ETFs have recorded a 10-day inflow streak exceeding $1 billion marking the longest such streak in 2025.

This underscores growing institutional and retail investor confidence in Bitcoin as an asset class that helps increase market stability and possibly paving the way for the approval of other crypto-based financial products.

Market Metrics

All NCITM constituents had negative performance last week, with XRP (-10.8%) and UNI (-10.7%) seeing the steepest declines. ETH also experienced a sharp drop (-9.1%), contributing to NCITM’s underperformance relative to BTC (-2.9%). The NCITM -4.2% decline reflects a broader risk-off sentiment in the crypto market, as investors reassess their positions amid ongoing macroeconomic uncertainties.

NCITM (-4.2%) extended its underperformance last week, deepening year-to-date losses. Traditional indices like the S&P 500 (-1.5%) and Nasdaq 100 (-2.4%) saw smaller declines. The gap between crypto and other risk assets continues to widen, while gold has emerged as the top performer in 2025, gaining nearly 20% amid ongoing macroeconomic uncertainties. This trend highlights a growing risk-off sentiment, with investors shifting toward defensive assets and away from high-volatility investments.

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